Earl Warren was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the 1960’s where he made several landmark decisions. He was on of the most active Chief Justices in Supreme Court history, and he often went through the process of selective incorporation in his decisions. This is the process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states via the “due process” clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. One case involving selective incorporation was Mapp v. Ohio in 1961, where the Fourth Amendment was applied to the states. This case meant that no illegally obtained evidence could be used in state criminal proceedings. Another decision of Warren’s that was famous was Gideon v. Wainwright. Gideon was a poor man who could not afford a lawyer, and was therefore convicted without counsel. Gideon felt this was a violation of the Sixth Amendment. The Warren Court extended “Right to Counsel” found in the Sixth Amendment to the states through selective incorporation. This means that a defendant will always be permitted counsel in federal and state courts. Another famous decision was Miranda v. Arizona in 1966, where Warren incorporated the “self-incrimination” clause of the Fifth Amendment to the states, and now all defendants are to be informed of their “Miranda Rights.”
Warren Burger succeeded Earl Warren as Chief Justice in 1969. One major decision of Burger’s court was Miller v. California, where they decided that obscenity was only protected under freedom of speech if it pertained to local standards and if it had some sort of cultural value. Another landmark decision was Roe v. Wade, where the court decided that in the first trimester of a pregnancy, a woman could privately receive an abortion. In the second trimester, the state could intervene to protect the woman’s health, and in the third trimester, the state could intervene to protect potential life. Another case was Furman v. Georgia, where the Warren Court ended capital punishment as a result of the “cruel and unusual punishment” clause of the eighth amendment. A final example is University of California at Davis v. Bakke. William Rehnquist replaced Burger as Chief Justice. One of his major decisions was U.S. v. Lopez, the court decided that Congress had no power under the commerce clause to regulate possession of a gun on school grounds. In Lawrence v. Texas, Rehnquist ruled a Texas law forbidding homosexual sex unconstitutional. Finally, in Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, the Rehnquist court ruled that Pennsylvania could limit abortions if their laws did not cause an “undue burden” on women.
During the Warren, Burger, and Rehnquist court times, many important cases were decided. Earl Warren served on the court form 1953 to 1969. One of the most famous court rulings during his tenure on the Supreme Court was the Brown v Board of Education of Topeka decision where that court ruled to end “de jure” segregation in public schools. Warren delivered the fourth opinion on the case, in favor of ending “de jure” segregation. The Brown decision impacted America greatly, and was the catalyst for entire scope of the Civil Rights movement. Another notable case that was decided by the Warren Court was Miranda v Arizona, in which it ruled that prior to interrogation, every suspect must be read their Miranda rights which includes the right to remain silent and the right to consult a lawyer prior to interrogation.The Warren court decided on a number of civil rights cases that broadly expanded civil and political rights. Warren Burger served on the court from 1969 to 1986. One of the most famous rulings during his time on the court was the decision on Roe v Wade in 1973. In this decision the Supreme Court found that a woman’s right to an abortion was protected by the right to privacy and divided pregnany into three stages. In the first trimester, a woman’s right to privacy gave her an absolute right to terminate pregnancy is she wanted to. In the second trimester, the state’s interest in the health of the mother gave it the right to regulate abortions. Only in the third trimester did the Court find that the state’s interest in potential life outweighed a woman’s privacy interests. Another case under the Burger court was Miller v California where the justices left decisions about obscenity at the state and local levels. When Rehnquist became Chief Justice in 1989, the Court took rightward shift until 2005 when he died while on the court. The Rehnquist Court made numerous decisions related to federalism,which highlighted the Court’s ability to adjucate conflicts between the federal government and the states. One of the most notable decisions under the Rehnquist court was US v Lopez in 1995, which involved the conviction of a student charged with carrying a handgun onto school property. A five-person majority of the Court ruled that Congress lacked constitutional authority under the commerce clause to regulate guns within 1000 feet of a school. The majority concluded that local gun control laws, even those involving schools, were a state, not a federal matter. In Stenburg v Carhart, the Supreme Court under Rehnquist ruled that a state law limiting “partial birth” abortions without any provision to save a woman’s health was unconstitutional. The Warren, Burger, and Rehnquist courts all ruled on monumental cases during their respective years.
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ReplyDeleteEarl Warren was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the 1960’s where he made several landmark decisions. He was on of the most active Chief Justices in Supreme Court history, and he often went through the process of selective incorporation in his decisions. This is the process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states via the “due process” clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. One case involving selective incorporation was Mapp v. Ohio in 1961, where the Fourth Amendment was applied to the states. This case meant that no illegally obtained evidence could be used in state criminal proceedings. Another decision of Warren’s that was famous was Gideon v. Wainwright. Gideon was a poor man who could not afford a lawyer, and was therefore convicted without counsel. Gideon felt this was a violation of the Sixth Amendment. The Warren Court extended “Right to Counsel” found in the Sixth Amendment to the states through selective incorporation. This means that a defendant will always be permitted counsel in federal and state courts. Another famous decision was Miranda v. Arizona in 1966, where Warren incorporated the “self-incrimination” clause of the Fifth Amendment to the states, and now all defendants are to be informed of their “Miranda Rights.”
ReplyDeleteWarren Burger succeeded Earl Warren as Chief Justice in 1969. One major decision of Burger’s court was Miller v. California, where they decided that obscenity was only protected under freedom of speech if it pertained to local standards and if it had some sort of cultural value. Another landmark decision was Roe v. Wade, where the court decided that in the first trimester of a pregnancy, a woman could privately receive an abortion. In the second trimester, the state could intervene to protect the woman’s health, and in the third trimester, the state could intervene to protect potential life. Another case was Furman v. Georgia, where the Warren Court ended capital punishment as a result of the “cruel and unusual punishment” clause of the eighth amendment. A final example is University of California at Davis v. Bakke.
ReplyDeleteWilliam Rehnquist replaced Burger as Chief Justice. One of his major decisions was U.S. v. Lopez, the court decided that Congress had no power under the commerce clause to regulate possession of a gun on school grounds. In Lawrence v. Texas, Rehnquist ruled a Texas law forbidding homosexual sex unconstitutional. Finally, in Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, the Rehnquist court ruled that Pennsylvania could limit abortions if their laws did not cause an “undue burden” on women.
During the Warren, Burger, and Rehnquist court times, many important cases were decided. Earl Warren served on the court form 1953 to 1969. One of the most famous court rulings during his tenure on the Supreme Court was the Brown v Board of Education of Topeka decision where that court ruled to end “de jure” segregation in public schools. Warren delivered the fourth opinion on the case, in favor of ending “de jure” segregation. The Brown decision impacted America greatly, and was the catalyst for entire scope of the Civil Rights movement. Another notable case that was decided by the Warren Court was Miranda v Arizona, in which it ruled that prior to interrogation, every suspect must be read their Miranda rights which includes the right to remain silent and the right to consult a lawyer prior to interrogation.The Warren court decided on a number of civil rights cases that broadly expanded civil and political rights. Warren Burger served on the court from 1969 to 1986. One of the most famous rulings during his time on the court was the decision on Roe v Wade in 1973. In this decision the Supreme Court found that a woman’s right to an abortion was protected by the right to privacy and divided pregnany into three stages. In the first trimester, a woman’s right to privacy gave her an absolute right to terminate pregnancy is she wanted to. In the second trimester, the state’s interest in the health of the mother gave it the right to regulate abortions. Only in the third trimester did the Court find that the state’s interest in potential life outweighed a woman’s privacy interests. Another case under the Burger court was Miller v California where the justices left decisions about obscenity at the state and local levels. When Rehnquist became Chief Justice in 1989, the Court took rightward shift until 2005 when he died while on the court. The Rehnquist Court made numerous decisions related to federalism,which highlighted the Court’s ability to adjucate conflicts between the federal government and the states. One of the most notable decisions under the Rehnquist court was US v Lopez in 1995, which involved the conviction of a student charged with carrying a handgun onto school property. A five-person majority of the Court ruled that Congress lacked constitutional authority under the commerce clause to regulate guns within 1000 feet of a school. The majority concluded that local gun control laws, even those involving schools, were a state, not a federal matter. In Stenburg v Carhart, the Supreme Court under Rehnquist ruled that a state law limiting “partial birth” abortions without any provision to save a woman’s health was unconstitutional. The Warren, Burger, and Rehnquist courts all ruled on monumental cases during their respective years.
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